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A master thesis from Aalborg University

Bitcoin - a new medium

[Bitcoin - et nyt medium]

Author(s)

Term

4. term

Education

Publication year

2015

Submitted on

2015-10-18

Pages

79 pages

Abstract

I dette speciale anerkender forfatteren Bitcoin som et nyt fænomen with et paradigmeskiftende potentiale. Derfor anses der at være et hov for at studere og definere dette fænomen og indgå i en aktiv discussion om artefaktets natur. Forfatteren er motiveret i dette forehavende via en personlig engagement i de omkringliggende communities, som danner grundlag for artefaktets udvikling og dikussionen af potentielle implikationer heraf. Målet med dette speciale er at være i stand til at bidrage både med viden og i den igangværende diskurs omkring Bitcoin. To produkter kan udledes heraf. Et behov for at producere academisk viden omkring fænomenet. Ydermere søges det er publicere et informationelt produkt med den information, der bliver skabt igennem dette akademiske forhavende. Målet er således, at denne information måtte indgå i dialogen om Bitcoin for at sprede viden omkring fænomenet. Denne proces bliver tilgået på en tematisk måde, hvor fænomenet diskuteres og analyseres i lyset af flere aspekter. Tilsammen har disse til formål at addressere hoved forskningsspørgsmålet: Hvad er Bitcoin fænomenet? Besvarelsen af dette spørgsmål kræver som sagt en bred modalitet af forskningsspørgsmål. Disse er som følger: • What er Bitcoin? • Hvordan kan Bitcoin anskues i et grundlæggende mediehistorisk perspektiv? • I lyset af dette perspektiv, hvilke egenskaber og kvaliteter kommer frem ved at definere Bitcoin set et nyt medie? • Baseret på definitionen af Bitcoin som et medie, hvordan kan et konceptuelt rammeværk blive formuleret til at forstå fænomenet • Hvordan kan besvarelsen af disse forskningsspørgsmål være med at til bidrage til offentlig viden og kendskab til Bitcoin fænomenet Disse forskningsspørgsmål addresseret i lyst af relevant teori, hvor hvert forskningsspørgsmål bidrager til valget heraf. De præsenterede nøgleperspektiver og teori er af Irving Fang og McLuhan, samt en række øvrige, moderne medie forskere. I arbejdet med at skabe en præliminær kendskab til Bitcoin, et udvalg af den tilgængelige forskning gennemgås sammen med det originale white paper af Satoshi Nakamoto. I besvarelsen af disse spørgsmål bliver Bitcoin defineret som både et virtuelt, interaktivt medie og et fænomen på grund af dens open source og gennemsigtige udviklingsmiljø og community. Hertil, og i kraft deraf, lader Bitcoin sig også nemt remediere, hvilket også bidrager til hvad forfatteren referer til som Bitcoin fænomenet. Igennem de definerede kvaliteter og egenskaber af Bitcoin som et medie, et økosystem skabes til at beskrive fænomenet. Forfatteren konkluderer, at Bitcoin er en del af en decentraliserings megatrend, eller i Irvings perspektiv, en syvende informationsrevolution.

In this master thesis, the author acknowledges Bitcoin as a novel phenomenon with paradigm shifting potential. As such, a need to define and study this phenomenon and enter into a discussion about the nature of this artefact. The author is motivated in this enterprise by personal involvement into the communities surrounding its development and discussion of its possible implications. The goal of the thesis is to be able to contribute both with knowledge and in the on going discourse relating to Bitcoin. Two products can be extraprolated from this. First a need to produce academic information about the phenomenon at large. Secondly, an informational product is sought to be published, containing the information of the academic product, which might then enter into the discussion about Bitcoin in order to further knowledge to the public about the phenomenon. This is undertaken in a thematic manner, where the phenomenon of Bitcoin is discussed and analyzed in light of several aspects, which will address the main research question of the thesis: what is the Bitcoin phenomenon? Answering the question a wide modality of research questions are addressed. These are as follows: • What is Bitcoin? • How might Bitcoin be viewed in a basic media-historical perspective? • In light of this perspective, which properties and qualities might be revealed from defining Bitcoin as a novel medium? • Based upon the definition of Bitcoin as a medium, how might a conceptual framework be structured to understand the phenomenon? • How might answering these research questions contribute to more public awareness and understanding in regards to the Bitcoin phenomenon? These questions are addressed in light of relevant theory with each subsequent question informing the next. Key perspectives and theories presented and discussed, in the context of Bitcoin, are Irving Fang and McLuhan, as well as several contemporary media scholars. To create a preliminary understanding of Bitcoin, selected research was chosen as well as the original whitepaper. Answering these questions, Bitcoin is both defined as a virtual, interactive medium and a phenomenon due to its open source, transparent development community. It is also readily available for remediation, a concept derived from McLuhan, which also contributes to what the author sees as the phenomenon. Through the qualities and properties of the medium, an ecosystem is created to describe the phenomenon. The author concludes that Bitcoin is part of a decentralized information megatrend, or in the perspective of Irving Fang, a 7th information revolution.

Keywords

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