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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Assessment of utilisation and production of e-SAF through MtJ-synthesis to cover the fuel demand at CPH Airport in 2050

Authors

;

Term

4. term

Publication year

2024

Submitted on

Pages

83

Abstract

Climate change makes it necessary to phase out fossil fuels. While many sectors can electrify directly, aviation largely cannot yet. At the same time, demand for air travel is growing, and the sector accounts for 2–3% of global emissions. It is therefore important to identify how aviation can reach climate neutrality. International and regional plans propose replacing fossil jet fuel with alternative fuels such as e‑SAF (an electricity‑based form of sustainable aviation fuel). This thesis estimates how much jet fuel Copenhagen Airport (CPH) could need in 2050 and what domestic input materials (feedstock) and technologies would be required to produce enough e‑SAF to meet that demand. Based on potential feedstock sources and the costs of the necessary e‑SAF technologies, it assesses production costs and compares them with fossil jet fuel. The main findings are that e‑SAF is expected to be more expensive than fossil fuel under current assumptions. However, lower electricity prices can narrow the cost gap significantly. Economic instruments such as CO2 taxation and better integration of e‑SAF production with the wider energy system can further improve competitiveness. Despite these opportunities, uncertainties about the availability and expansion of renewable electricity could make it difficult to supply CPH’s fuel demand with domestically produced e‑SAF by 2050.

Klimaforandringerne gør det nødvendigt at udfase fossile brændsler. Mange sektorer kan elektrificeres direkte, men luftfarten kan endnu ikke i større omfang. Samtidig vokser efterspørgslen efter flyrejser, og sektoren står for 2–3 % af de globale udledninger. Derfor er det vigtigt at finde veje til klimaneutralitet. Internationale og regionale planer peger på at erstatte fossilt jetbrændstof med alternative brændsler som e‑SAF (en elektricitetsbaseret form for bæredygtigt flybrændstof). Dette speciale estimerer, hvor meget flybrændstof Københavns Lufthavn (CPH) kan få brug for i 2050, og hvilket indenlandsk behov for råmaterialer (feedstock) og teknologier der skal til for at producere tilstrækkeligt e‑SAF til at dække dette behov. På grundlag af mulige kilder til feedstock og omkostningerne ved de nødvendige teknologier vurderes produktionsprisen for e‑SAF og sammenlignes med fossilt brændstof. Hovedresultaterne er, at e‑SAF forventes at være dyrere end fossilt brændstof med de nuværende forudsætninger. Lavere elpriser kan dog markant mindske prisforskellen. Økonomiske virkemidler som CO2‑beskatning og bedre integration af e‑SAF‑produktion i energisystemet kan yderligere styrke konkurrenceevnen. På trods af de lovende muligheder er der usikkerheder og udfordringer omkring tilstrækkelig produktion af vedvarende elektricitet, som kan gøre det vanskeligt at dække CPH’s brændstofbehov med indenlandsk e‑SAF i 2050.

[This apstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]