A master programme thesis from Aalborg University
Artillery Detection & Localization using a Two-Microphone Array on a Moving Platform
Author(s)
Term
4. semester
Education
Publication year
2025
Submitted on
2025-06-04
Pages
126 pages
Abstract
This project explores the feasibility of detecting and localizing artillery using a mobile two-microphone array. Assuming a known muzzle blast, a Neyman- Pearson (NP) detector is implemented. The local- ization method combines Time Difference of Ar- rival (TDoA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDoA). A simulated acoustic environment is de- veloped to facilitate system test, including muzzle blast and shockwave propagation. The NP dector performed reliably across test scenarios, but perfor- mance degraded above 95 dB SPL noise and was no- tably affected by the shockwave. TDoA estimation using a matched filter showed a negative bias but narrower confidence intervals compared to GCC- PHAT. The FDoA estimation, based on frequency response amplitude matching, suffered from er- ror sensitivity and thus failed to give reliable lo- calization. Although the intersection solver using a Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm worked as intended, the overall performance was constrained by the limitations of the FDoA approach. Final localization tests showed large errors at long dis- tances and wide angles, with mean errors around 6 km at 15 km range. At 1 km, accuracy improved, but overall performance is insufficient for real- world use. It is concluded that a two-microphone TDoA/FDoA system shows conceptual promise, but its current implementation is not suitable for real-world use.
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