Artillery Detection & Localization using a Two-Microphone Array on a Moving Platform
Authors
Schultz, Kasper Holmbo ; Løvendal, Jacob
Term
4. semester
Education
Publication year
2025
Submitted on
2025-06-04
Pages
126
Abstract
This project explores the feasibility of detecting and localizing artillery using a mobile two-microphone array. Assuming a known muzzle blast, a NeymanPearson (NP) detector is implemented. The localization method combines Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDoA). A simulated acoustic environment is developed to facilitate system test, including muzzle blast and shockwave propagation. The NP dector performed reliably across test scenarios, but performance degraded above 95 dB SPL noise and was notably affected by the shockwave. TDoA estimation using a matched filter showed a negative bias but narrower confidence intervals compared to GCCPHAT. The FDoA estimation, based on frequency response amplitude matching, suffered from error sensitivity and thus failed to give reliable localization. Although the intersection solver using a Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm worked as intended, the overall performance was constrained by the limitations of the FDoA approach. Final localization tests showed large errors at long distances and wide angles, with mean errors around 6 km at 15 km range. At 1 km, accuracy improved, but overall performance is insufficient for realworld use. It is concluded that a two-microphone TDoA/FDoA system shows conceptual promise, but its current implementation is not suitable for real-world use.
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