AAU Student Projects - visit Aalborg University's student projects portal
A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


An enhanced 4-node shell element for laminated composites

Authors

;

Term

4. term

Publication year

2018

Submitted on

Pages

92

Abstract

Laminerede kompositskalstrukturer er attraktive, fordi de er stærke og lette. Denne afhandling udvikler et robust finit skal-element til at analysere sådanne lagdelte materialer. Det 4-knude element er designet til lineær statisk analyse, lineær knæk (buckling) og geometrisk ikke-lineær analyse. Elementet er implementeret i MUltidisciplinary Synthesis Tool (MUST), et Fortran90-baseret system ved Aalborg Universitet til design, analyse og optimering af strukturelle, strømnings- og termiske problemer. Udgangspunktet er et fladt 4-knude Matlab-element med EAS (Enhanced Assumed Strain) og MITC (Mixed Interpolation of Tensorial Components). Arbejdet generaliserer formuleringen til fuld 3D skal-kinematik og ikke-linearitet for multilagede laminater. Afhandlingen gennemgår den nødvendige skal- og laminatteori, opstiller ligninger i kurvelineære koordinater og bruger et tre-felts variationalprincip (Washizu) til at udlede styreligningerne, som derefter diskretiseres til et finit element. Elementet anvender EAS og MITC for at undgå numeriske låseeffekter i plan og uden for plan. Det består standard patch-tests for membran og bøjning og giver gode resultater i lineære og lineære knæk-test for både laminerede og ikke-laminerede strukturer på tværs af geometrier og fiberorienteringer. I geometrisk ikke-lineære tilfælde fungerer elementet godt, når bøjning ikke indgår, og geometrien ikke er krum. Resultaterne tyder dog på en fejl i GNL-implementeringen, sandsynligvis relateret til rotationsfrihedsgrader eller transformationen fra globalt mesh til lokal elementbasis. Fremtidigt arbejde fokuserer på at fejlfinde denne del.

Laminated composite shell structures are attractive because they are strong and lightweight. This thesis develops a robust finite element "shell" formulation to analyze such layered materials. The 4-node element is designed for linear static analysis, linear buckling, and geometrically nonlinear analysis. It is implemented in the MUltidisciplinary Synthesis Tool (MUST), a Fortran90-based system at Aalborg University used for design, analysis, and optimization of structural, fluid, and thermal problems. Starting from a flat 4-node Matlab element enhanced with EAS (Enhanced Assumed Strain) and MITC (Mixed Interpolation of Tensorial Components), the work generalizes the formulation to full 3D shell kinematics and nonlinearity for multilayered laminates. The thesis summarizes the required shell and laminate theory, sets up equations in curvilinear coordinates, and applies a three-field variational principle (Washizu) to derive the governing equations, which are then discretized into a finite element. The element uses EAS and MITC to prevent numerical locking in in-plane and out-of-plane behavior. It passes standard patch tests for membrane and bending and shows good accuracy in linear and linear buckling benchmarks for both laminated and non-laminated structures across different geometries and fiber orientations. In geometrically nonlinear cases, the element performs well when bending is not involved and the geometry is not curved. However, results indicate a bug in the GNL implementation, likely related to rotational degrees of freedom or the transformation from the global mesh to the local element basis. Future work will focus on debugging this part.

[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]