Fjernkøling – En energisystem- og barriereanalyse af fjernkøling i dansk kontekst

Abstract

I forhold til at opnå den politiske målsætning om at opnå uafhængighed af fossile brændsler i 2050 har der hovedsageligt været fokuseret på el-, varm og transportsektoren, mens kølesektoren er blevet negligeret. Dette speciale søger at afdække de potentielle energibesparelser og CO2 reduktioner, som kan opnås ved at udnytte potentialet for fjernkøling i Danmark. På denne baggrund er følgende pro-blemformulering udarbejdet: Hvor store besparelsespotentialer, i bruttoenergiforbruget og CO2 udledningen, er forbundet med udnyttelsen af potentialet for fjernkøling og hvilke barrierer er forbundet med implementeringen heraf? Denne problemformulering undersøges på bag-grund af den teoretiske forståelsesramme. Der-udover anvendes EnergyPLAN til at evaluere de energisystemmæssige konsekvenser. For at identificere barrierer, for udbredelsen af fjernkøling, anvendes kvalitative metoder i form af interviews og litteraturstudier. Det kan konkluderes, at der kan opnås en ener-gibesparelse på 1,3 TWh og CO2 udledningen kan reduceres med ca. 445.000 tons ved, at udnytte potentialet for fjernkøling. Der er dog identificeret en række barrierer, som i kombination har negativ indvirkning på attraktiviteten af fjernkølemarkedet. Der er altså ikke identificeret én barriere, som er afgørende for udbredelsen af fjernkølig, men kombinationen af disse vurderes til at begrænse udbredelsen af fjernkøling i Danmark.

In order to fulfil the political goals, as to achieve an energy system which is independent of fossil fuels by 2050, the political agenda has mainly been focusing on the electricity-, heating and transportation sector, while the cooling sector has been overlooked. In order to investigate this aspect in connection to the conversion of the energy system, this master thesis seeks to analyse and quantify the energy savings and CO2 reductions. That can be achieved by utilising the potential for district cooling in Denmark, which is found to socioeconomically feasible. This leads to the following problem formulation: How large energy savings and reductions in the CO2 emission can be expected, if utilizing the potential for district cooling and which barriers are associated with the implementation hereof? This problem formulation is investigated on the basis of the theoretical framework, which is developed for this thesis. Furthermore EnergyPLAN is applied in order to evaluate how the implementation of district cooling affects the dynamics of the existing Danish energy system. In order to identify barriers, which affects the diffusion of district cooling, a more qualitative approached is chosen, which includes literature study and several interviews. On the basis of this master thesis it is concluded, that energy savings corresponding to 1.3 TWh is to be achieved by utilizing the potential for district cooling. Furthermore the total Danish emission of CO2 is expected to decrease by approximately 445.000 ton. However there are some barriers, which are limiting the diffusion of district cooling in Denmark. The combination, of these barriers affects the attractiveness of the market for district cooling. This implies that a single barrier cannot be identified as being the most influential, but the combination reduces the investments in district cooling in Denmark.

A master thesis from Aalborg University

Fjernkøling – En energisystem- og barriereanalyse af fjernkøling i dansk kontekst

[An Danish energy system analysis of district cooling and the potential barriers of implementation]