Aktivitetsparat? Et kvalitativt casestudie af hvordan udsatte ledige konstrueres som klienter i jobsamtaler
Oversat titel
Activity Ready? A qualitative case study of how vulnerable citizens are being constructed as clients in job consultations
Forfattere
Kruse, Rebekka Brinch ; Bak, Mia Kejlstrup
Semester
4. semester
Uddannelse
Udgivelsesår
2018
Afleveret
2018-05-29
Antal sider
115
Abstract
I 2014 ændrede Kontanthjælpsreformen kategorien af borgere, der før blev betragtet som “midlertidigt passive”, til “aktivitetsparate”. Dermed blev flere sårbare borgere omfattet af en indsats med fokus på beskæftigelse, selv om de ikke tidligere blev set som parate til arbejdsmarkedet. Denne afhandling undersøger – med et mikrosociologisk blik på konkrete møder mellem mennesker – den komplekse praksis omkring indsatsen for aktivitetsparate borgere, der samtidig forstås som sårbare og som nogen, der kan deltage i aktiviteter med sigte på job. Afhandlingen bygger på et interaktionistisk-konstruktivistisk perspektiv, hvor forståelsen af sårbare ledige ses som noget, der skabes i samspillet mellem socialrådgivere og borgere i individuelle jobsamtaler. Med afsæt i Erving Goffmans rolleteori – der handler om, hvordan sociale forventninger former den rolle, man spiller i en given situation – undersøges, hvordan aktivitetsparate, sårbare borgere i jobsamtaler bliver konstrueret som en bestemt type klient gennem socialrådgivernes forventninger og krav, og hvordan borgerne selv udfylder denne rolle. Studiet er et kvalitativt casestudie. Casen er hentet fra en særlig tilrettelagt indsats i en større dansk kommune, hvor jobsamtaler afholdes samme sted, som borgerne modtager opioidsubstitutionsbehandling på grund af afhængighed af fx heroin. Datagrundlaget består af observationer af fire jobsamtaler mellem borgere i substitutionsbehandling og socialrådgivere samt syv kvalitative individuelle interviews med de tre socialrådgivere og de fire borgere, der deltog i de observerede samtaler. Analysen identificerer tre kendetegn, som til sammen udgør en institutionel forestilling om, hvad der er passende i klientrollen: at være sårbar, at have vilje (vise motivation) og at være systemtilpasset (kunne indrette sig efter systemets rammer). I praksis forventes borgerne at anerkende deres sårbarhed, men også at udvise vilje og tilpasse sig de tilbud og krav, der er rettet mod arbejdsmarkedstilknytning. Afhandlingen konkluderer, at sårbarhed er et træk ved klientrollen, som både kan vedkendes og forskydes i samtalen – det accepteres, men er ikke et mål i sig selv. Derimod søges vilje og systemtilpasning aktivt fremmet af socialrådgiverne og forventes at blive adopteret af borgerne.
In 2014, the benefit reform known as Kontanthjælpsreformen replaced the category of “temporarily passive” recipients with “activity ready.” This broadened active labor market policies to include more vulnerable citizens who had not previously been seen as ready for work, but were now expected to engage in employment-oriented activities. This thesis takes a microsociological view—focusing on face-to-face interactions—to examine the complex practice of employment efforts targeting “activity ready” citizens who are understood as both vulnerable and suitable for activities leading toward work. The study adopts an interactionist-constructivist perspective, meaning that understandings of vulnerable unemployed citizens are seen as co-created in the interaction between social workers and citizens during individual job consultations. Drawing on Erving Goffman’s role theory—which explains how social expectations shape the roles people perform—the thesis explores how vulnerable, activity-ready citizens are constructed as a particular type of client through social workers’ expectations and demands, and how citizens themselves enact this role. The research uses a qualitative case study. The case comes from a specially organized initiative in a large Danish municipality, where job consultations are held at the same location where citizens receive opioid substitution treatment due to addiction to an opioid such as heroin. The empirical material consists of observations of four job consultations between citizens in substitution treatment and social workers, and seven qualitative individual interviews with the three social workers and the four citizens who took part in the observed consultations. The analysis identifies three features that together form an institutional idea of what is considered appropriate in the client role: being vulnerable, showing will (motivation), and adapting to the system (working within its rules and offers). In practice, citizens are expected to acknowledge their vulnerability but also to demonstrate willingness and adjust to assistance aimed at labor market participation. The thesis concludes that vulnerability is a characteristic of the client role that can be both acknowledged and downplayed during the consultation—it is accepted but not pursued as a goal. In contrast, willingness and system adaptation are actively promoted by social workers and expected of citizens.
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